---
title: And this is a whip: strike a maiden and say ‘You have been a maiden,… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And this is a whip: strike a maiden and say ‘You have been a maiden, now become a mare,’ and she will become a mare at once.” Who acts: this, You, mare. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 8, sentence 26

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And this is a whip: strike a maiden and say ‘You have been a maiden, now become a mare,’ and she will become a mare at once.”

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**Who acts:** this, You, mare · **What happens:** be, strike, say, become · **To what, where:** whip, maiden, mare · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, You, mare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:8:26
# text = And this is a whip: strike a maiden and say ‘You have been a maiden, now become a mare,’ and she will become a mare at once.”
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	strike	strike	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	maiden	maiden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	maiden	maiden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
20	become	become	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	mare	mare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
27	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	mare	mare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	xcomp	_	_
31	at	at	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this | a whip |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **strike** | infinitive |  | a maiden |  |  |  |  | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent maiden=Patient |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present · perfect | You |  |  |  |  | maiden *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **become** | infinitive |  | a mare |  |  | now |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **become** | future | mare | a mare |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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