---
title: “These are valuable gifts, and they are hard to divide. — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “These are valuable gifts, and they are hard to divide. Who acts: gifts. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 8, sentence 27

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“These are valuable gifts, and they are hard to divide.

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**Who acts:** gifts · **What happens:** be, divide · **To what, where:** valuable gifts

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gifts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:8:27
# text = “These are valuable gifts, and they are hard to divide.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	valuable	valuable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	gifts	gift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	divide	divide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | this valuable gifts |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | gifts *= gift* |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **divide** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | gifts *= gift* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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