---
title: But he took the whip, struck her on the back: “You are a maiden, now… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: But he took the whip, struck her on the back: “You are a maiden, now become a mare!” Who acts: Tsarévna, You. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 8, sentence 40

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But he took the whip, struck her on the back: “You are a maiden, now become a mare!”

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**Who acts:** Tsarévna, You · **What happens:** take, strike, be, become · **To what, where:** whip, help, mare · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsarévna, You), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:8:40
# text = But he took the whip, struck her on the back: “You are a maiden, now become a mare!”
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
13	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	maiden	maiden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
20	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	mare	mare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Tsarévna | the whip |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent whip=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **strike** | past | Tsarévna *not said here* | help |  |  |  | on the back | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent she=Instrument on back=Patient |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | You |  |  |  |  | maiden *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **become** *in a quote* | infinitive | You *not said here* | a mare |  |  | now |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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