---
title: And he began to tell how the two old folks had lived together, how t… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And he began to tell how the two old folks had lived together, how they had had a hen which laid jewels, and how the mother had made friends with the apprentice. Who acts: brother, two old folks, food, hen. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8, with its dependency t
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 8, sentence 67

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he began to tell how the two old folks had lived together, how they had had a hen which laid jewels, and how the mother had made friends with the apprentice.

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**Who acts:** brother, two old folks, food, hen · **What happens:** begin, tell, live together, have, lay, make · **To what, where:** hen, jewels, mother · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brother, two old folks, food, hen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:8:67
# text = And he began to tell how the two old folks had lived together, how they had had a hen which laid jewels, and how the mother had made friends with the apprentice.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	folks	folk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	lived	live	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
13	together	together	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	hen	hen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
23	jewels	jewel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
26	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	30	advmod	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
31	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	xcomp	_	_
32	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	apprentice	apprentice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | brother |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | brother *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **live together** | past · perfect | the two old folks |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | past · perfect | food | a hen |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hen=Patient |
| 5 | **lay** | past | a hen | jewels |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jewel=Result |
| 6 | **make** | past · perfect · passive |  | the mother |  |  |  | friends with the apprentice *xcomp* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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