---
title: But the younger son smote his mare with the back of his hand and sai… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: But the younger son smote his mare with the back of his hand and said, “You are a mare; now become a maiden!” Who acts: younger son, You. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 8, sentence 80

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But the younger son smote his mare with the back of his hand and said, “You are a mare; now become a maiden!”

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**Who acts:** younger son, You · **What happens:** smite, say, be, become · **To what, where:** mare, maiden · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (younger son, You), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:8:80
# text = But the younger son smote his mare with the back of his hand and said, “You are a mare; now become a maiden!”
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mare	mare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	mare	mare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
23	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
24	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	maiden	maiden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smite** | past | the younger son | son's mare |  |  |  | with the back of son's hand | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent mare=Patient with back=Instrument |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | the younger son *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | You | a mare |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **become** *in a quote* | infinitive | the younger son *not said here* | a maiden |  |  | now |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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