--- title: I looked, and beheld a valley between two mountains that were craggy… — Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth · tree and pragmatics description: I looked, and beheld a valley between two mountains that were craggy and barren; on the path there was no verdure, and the mountains afforded no shade; the sun burned in the zenith, and every spring was dried up; but the valley terminated in a country that was pleasant and fertile, shaded with woods --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62868/13/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Oriental tales, for the entertainment…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62868/) / [The Story of Almet, Concluded.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62868/13/) / 3 # Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Almet, Concluded., sentence 3 I looked, and beheld a valley between two mountains that were craggy and barren; on the path there was no verdure, and the mountains afforded no shade; the sun burned in the zenith, and every spring was dried up; but the valley terminated in a country that was pleasant and fertile, shaded with woods, and adorned with buildings. **Who acts:** I, two mountains, verdure, mountains, valley, country · **What happens:** look, behold, be, afford, burn, dry up · **To what, where:** valley, path, shade, sun, zenith, spring This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Almet, Concluded.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, two mountains, verdure, mountains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg62868:13:3 # text = I looked, and beheld a valley between two mountains that were craggy and barren; on the path there was no verdure, and the mountains afforded no shade; the sun burned in the zenith, and every spring was dried up; but the valley terminated in a country that was pleasant and fertile, shaded with woods, and adorned with buildings. 1 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 looked look VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 beheld behold VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 valley valley NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 8 between between ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 11 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 12 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 cop _ _ 13 craggy craggy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 acl:relcl _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 barren barren ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 16 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 17 on on ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 path path NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 20 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 21 expl _ _ 21 was be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 22 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 23 det _ _ 23 verdure verdure NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 28 afforded afford VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 29 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 30 det _ _ 30 shade shade NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 31 ; ; PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 sun sun NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj:pass _ _ 34 burned burn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 zenith zenith NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 38 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 40 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 41 det _ _ 41 spring spring NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 nsubj:pass _ _ 42 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 43 aux:pass _ _ 43 dried dry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 34 conj _ _ 44 up up ADP RP _ 43 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 45 ; ; PUNCT : _ 49 punct _ _ 46 but but CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 valley valley NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 nsubj _ _ 49 terminated terminate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ _ 50 in in ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 51 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 obl _ _ 53 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 55 nsubj _ _ 54 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 55 cop _ _ 55 pleasant pleasant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 52 acl:relcl _ _ 56 and and CCONJ CC _ 57 cc _ _ 57 fertile fertile ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 55 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 58 , , PUNCT , _ 59 punct _ _ 59 shaded shade VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 55 conj _ _ 60 with with ADP IN _ 61 case _ _ 61 woods wood NOUN NNS Number=Plur 59 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 62 , , PUNCT , _ 64 punct _ _ 63 and and CCONJ CC _ 64 cc _ _ 64 adorned adorn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 49 conj _ _ 65 with with ADP IN _ 66 case _ _ 66 buildings building NOUN NNS Number=Plur 64 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 67 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **look** | past | I | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 2 | **behold** | past | I *not said here* | a valley | | | | between two mountains | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer valley=Stimulus | | 3 | **is** | past | two mountains | | | | | craggy *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **be** | | two mountains *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **be** | past | no verdure | | | the path; there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on path=Location | | 6 | **afford** | past | the mountains | no shade | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **burn** | participle · passive | | the sun | | the zenith | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | | 8 | **dry up** | past · passive | | every spring | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result | | 9 | **terminate** | participle | the valley | | | a country | | | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 10 | **is** | past | a country | | | | | pleasant *property* | tree rules | | 11 | **be** | | a country *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 12 | **shade** | participle | a country *not said here* | | | | | with woods | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent | | 13 | **adorn** | participle | the valley *not said here* | | | | | with buildings | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with building=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62868/13/2/) - next →: [sentence 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62868/13/4/) - ↑ back to [The Story of Almet, Concluded.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62868/13/)