---
title: The wretch who wished to linger in the garden, who looked round upon… — Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth · tree and pragmatics
description: The wretch who wished to linger in the garden, who looked round upon its limits with terror, was destitute of hope, and was perpetually tormented by the dread of losing that which yet he did not enjoy; the song of the birds had been repeated till it was not heard, and the flowers had so often recurr
---

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# Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Almet, Concluded., sentence 7

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The wretch who wished to linger in the garden, who looked round upon its limits with terror, was destitute of hope, and was perpetually tormented by the dread of losing that which yet he did not enjoy; the song of the birds had been repeated till it was not heard, and the flowers had so often recurred, that their beauty was not seen; the river glided by unnoticed; and he feared to lift his eye to the prospect, lest he should behold the waste that circumscribed it.

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**Who acts:** wretch, dread, value, flowers, waste, birds · **What happens:** wish, linger, look round, be, torment, lose · **To what, where:** garden, destitute, song, beauty, river, eye

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This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Almet, Concluded.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wretch, dread, value, flowers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62868:13:7
# text = The wretch who wished to linger in the garden, who looked round upon its limits with terror, was destitute of hope, and was perpetually tormented by the dread of losing that which yet he did not enjoy; the song of the birds had been repeated till it was not heard, and the flowers had so often recurred, that their beauty was not seen; the river glided by unnoticed; and he feared to lift his eye to the prospect, lest he should behold the waste that circumscribed it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wretch	wretch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	wished	wish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	linger	linger	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	round	round	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	limits	limit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	terror	terror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	destitute	destitute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	parataxis	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux:pass	_	_
27	perpetually	perpetually	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	tormented	torment	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
29	by	by	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	dread	dread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
32	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
33	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	31	acl	_	_
34	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
35	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	40	obj	_	_
36	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
37	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
38	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
39	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	40	advmod	_	_
40	enjoy	enjoy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	49	punct	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nsubj:pass	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nmod	_	_
47	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	aux	_	_
48	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	49	aux:pass	_	_
49	repeated	repeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	parataxis	_	_
50	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	54	mark	_	_
51	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	nsubj	_	_
52	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	54	aux:pass	_	_
53	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	54	advmod	_	_
54	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	49	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
56	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	59	cc	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	59	nsubj	_	_
59	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	conj	_	_
60	so	so	ADV	RB	_	62	advmod	_	_
61	often	often	ADV	RB	_	62	advmod	_	_
62	recurred	recur	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	59	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	69	punct	_	_
64	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	69	mark	_	_
65	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	66	nmod:poss	_	_
66	beauty	beauty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	69	nsubj:pass	_	_
67	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	69	aux:pass	_	_
68	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	69	advmod	_	_
69	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	62	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	72	punct	_	_
71	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	72	det	_	_
72	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	_
73	glided	glide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	72	acl	_	_
74	by	by	ADP	IN	_	75	case	_	_
75	unnoticed	unnoticed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	73	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	79	punct	_	_
77	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	79	cc	_	_
78	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	79	nsubj	_	_
79	feared	fear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
80	to	to	PART	TO	_	81	mark	_	_
81	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	79	xcomp	_	_
82	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	83	nmod:poss	_	_
83	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	81	obj	_	_
84	to	to	ADP	IN	_	86	case	_	_
85	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	86	det	_	_
86	prospect	prospect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	81	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
87	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	91	punct	_	_
88	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	91	mark	_	_
89	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	91	nsubj	_	_
90	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	91	aux	_	_
91	behold	behold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	81	conj	_	_
92	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	93	det	_	_
93	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	91	obj	_	_
94	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	95	nsubj	_	_
95	circumscribed	circumscribe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	93	acl:relcl	_	_
96	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	95	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
97	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wish** | past | the wretch |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **linger** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the wretch *not said here* |  |  | the garden |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in garden=Location |
| 3 | **look round** | past | the wretch |  |  |  |  | upon wretch's limits with terror; who *nsubj*; round *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon limit=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | past |  | destitute |  |  |  | of hope | tree rules |
| 5 | **torment** | past · passive | the dread |  |  |  |  | perpetually *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **lose** | gerund | the dread *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **not** **enjoy** | past · do-support | value |  |  |  | yet | which *obj* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus |
| 8 | **repeat** | past · perfect · passive |  | the song of the birds |  |  |  | the river *obl* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 9 | **not** **hear** | past · passive |  | song |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
| 10 | **have** | past | the flowers |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 11 | **recur** | participle | the flowers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | often *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 12 | **not** **see** | past · passive |  | hope's beauty |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 13 | **glide** | participle |  | the river *not said here* |  |  |  | by unnoticed | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by unnoticed=Trajectory |
| 14 | **fear** | past | value |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 15 | **lift** | to-infinitive | value *not said here* | value's eye |  | the prospect |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent eye=Theme to prospect=Destination |
| 16 | **behold** | should | value | the waste |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer waste=Stimulus |
| 17 | **circumscribe** | past | the waste | waste |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 18 | **sing** |  | the birds |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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