---
title: His father had, in his absence, suffered many losses, and Gelaleddin… — Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth · tree and pragmatics
description: His father had, in his absence, suffered many losses, and Gelaleddin was considered as an additional burthen to a fallen family. Who acts: father, merit. A sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Gelaleddin of Bassora., with its dependency tree and the
---

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# Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Gelaleddin of Bassora., sentence 15

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His father had, in his absence, suffered many losses, and Gelaleddin was considered as an additional burthen to a fallen family.

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**Who acts:** father, merit · **What happens:** have, suffer, consider, fall, absent · **To what, where:** absence, many losses, Gelaleddin

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This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Gelaleddin of Bassora.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father, merit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62868:14:15
# text = His father had, in his absence, suffered many losses, and Gelaleddin was considered as an additional burthen to a fallen family.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	losses	loss	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	Gelaleddin	Gelaleddin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	considered	consider	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	burthen	burthen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	amod	_	_
24	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | merit's father | merit's absence |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent absence=Patient |
| 2 | **suffer** | past | merit's father *not said here* | many losses |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer loss=Stimulus |
| 3 | **consider** | past · passive |  | Gelaleddin |  |  |  | as a additional burthen to a fallen family | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute |
| 4 | **fall** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **absent** |  | merit |  |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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