---
title: Thus have I been taught to estimate society, like every other blessi… — Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus have I been taught to estimate society, like every other blessing, by its loss. Who acts: Thus. A sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Carazan., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Carazan., sentence 30

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Thus have I been taught to estimate society, like every other blessing, by its loss.

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**Who acts:** Thus · **What happens:** teach, estimate · **To what, where:** Thus, society

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This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Carazan.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62868:17:30
# text = Thus have I been taught to estimate society, like every other blessing, by its loss.
1	Thus	thu	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	taught	teach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	estimate	estimate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	society	society	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
12	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	blessing	blessing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present · perfect · passive |  | Thus |  |  |  | I *nsubj:pass* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **estimate** | to-infinitive | Thus *not said here* | society |  |  |  | like every other blessing and society's loss | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent society=Value |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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