---
title: To this gentleman he addressed himself, and having laid before him h… — Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth · tree and pragmatics
description: To this gentleman he addressed himself, and having laid before him his misfortunes and his present necessitous condition, he earnestly entreated him to grant him some assistance. Who acts: gentleman. A sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Merchant and His So
---

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# Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Merchant and His Sons., sentence 14

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To this gentleman he addressed himself, and having laid before him his misfortunes and his present necessitous condition, he earnestly entreated him to grant him some assistance.

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**Who acts:** gentleman · **What happens:** address, lay, entreat, grant, condition · **To what, where:** gentleman, misfortunes, death, assistance

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This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Merchant and His Sons.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gentleman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62868:2:14
# text = To this gentleman he addressed himself, and having laid before him his misfortunes and his present necessitous condition, he earnestly entreated him to grant him some assistance.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	gentleman	gentleman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	addressed	address	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	aux	_	_
10	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
11	before	before	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	misfortunes	misfortune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
17	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	necessitous	necessitous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	earnestly	earnestly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	entreated	entreat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	grant	grant	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
27	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	29	det	_	_
29	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **address** | past | gentleman | gentleman |  |  |  | to this gentleman | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Destination |
| 2 | **lay** | gerund · perfect | gentleman *not said here* | gentleman's misfortunes |  |  | before gentleman | gentleman's present necessitous condition *conj* | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent misfortune=Theme before he=Destination |
| 3 | **entreat** | past | gentleman | death |  |  |  | earnestly *property* | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **grant** | to-infinitive | gentleman *not said here* | some assistance | death |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent he=Goal assistance=Theme |
| 5 | **condition** |  | gentleman |  |  |  |  |  | nom condition «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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