---
title: The gentleman, who happened to be no other than his own brother, did… — Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth · tree and pragmatics
description: The gentleman, who happened to be no other than his own brother, did not at first know him; but after some discourse with him, he perceived who he was. Who acts: gentleman. A sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Merchant and His Sons., with its dependency tr
---

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# Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Merchant and His Sons., sentence 15

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The gentleman, who happened to be no other than his own brother, did not at first know him; but after some discourse with him, he perceived who he was.

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**Who acts:** gentleman · **What happens:** happen, be, not know, perceive · **To what, where:** death

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This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Merchant and His Sons.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gentleman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62868:2:15
# text = The gentleman, who happened to be no other than his own brother, did not at first know him; but after some discourse with him, he perceived who he was.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gentleman	gentleman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	_
10	than	than	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
15	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	19	obl	_	_
19	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
22	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
23	after	after	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	25	det	_	_
25	discourse	discourse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
31	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	30	ccomp	_	_
32	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
33	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | past | the gentleman |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | the gentleman *not said here* |  |  |  |  | than gentleman's own brother; other *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **know** | past · do-support | the gentleman | death |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 4 | **perceive** | past | gentleman |  |  |  | after some discourse with gentleman |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is a** | past | gentleman |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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