---
title: He had, however, presence of mind enough to seize on the iron candle… — Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth · tree and pragmatics
description: He had, however, presence of mind enough to seize on the iron candlestick, which the Dervise had so strongly recommended to him; and though the situation he was in was very terrible, he did not abandon himself to despair; and thinking only in what manner he should get out of a place which might beco
---

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# Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, Ingratitude Punished., sentence 13

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He had, however, presence of mind enough to seize on the iron candlestick, which the Dervise had so strongly recommended to him; and though the situation he was in was very terrible, he did not abandon himself to despair; and thinking only in what manner he should get out of a place which might become his grave, he apprehended that the vault had closed only because he had not followed the order of the Dervise; he recalled to his memory the care and goodness he had loaded him with; reproached himself with his ingratitude, and finished his meditation by humbling himself before God.

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**Who acts:** Abdallah, Dervise, iron candlestick, manner, place · **What happens:** have, seize, recommend, be, not abandon, despair · **To what, where:** presence, iron candlestick, Abdallah, place, grave, vault · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Ingratitude Punished.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abdallah, Dervise, iron candlestick, manner), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62868:22:13
# text = He had, however, presence of mind enough to seize on the iron candlestick, which the Dervise had so strongly recommended to him; and though the situation he was in was very terrible, he did not abandon himself to despair; and thinking only in what manner he should get out of a place which might become his grave, he apprehended that the vault had closed only because he had not followed the order of the Dervise; he recalled to his memory the care and goodness he had loaded him with; reproached himself with his ingratitude, and finished his meditation by humbling himself before God.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	however	however	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	seize	seize	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	candlestick	candlestick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	obj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Dervise	Dervise	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
21	so	so	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	recommended	recommend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	xcomp	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
28	though	though	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
31	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
32	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
35	very	very	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
38	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
39	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
40	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	41	advmod	_	_
41	abandon	abandon	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	conj	_	_
42	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	41	obj	_	_
43	to	to	PART	TO	_	44	mark	_	_
44	despair	despair	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	66	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	66	cc	_	_
47	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	66	advcl	_	_
48	only	only	ADV	RB	_	50	advmod	_	_
49	in	in	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	54	obj	_	_
51	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	nsubj	_	_
52	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	nsubj	_	_
53	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	54	aux	_	_
54	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	ccomp	_	_
55	out	out	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
56	of	of	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obl	_	_
59	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	61	nsubj	_	_
60	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	61	aux	_	_
61	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	58	acl:relcl	_	_
62	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	63	nmod:poss	_	_
63	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	61	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
65	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	66	nsubj	_	_
66	apprehended	apprehend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
67	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	71	mark	_	_
68	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	69	det	_	_
69	vault	vault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	71	nsubj:pass	_	_
70	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	71	aux	_	_
71	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	66	advcl	_	_
72	only	only	ADV	RB	_	71	advmod	_	_
73	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	77	mark	_	_
74	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	77	nsubj:pass	_	_
75	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	77	aux	_	_
76	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	77	advmod	_	_
77	followed	follow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	71	advcl	_	_
78	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	79	det	_	_
79	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	77	obj	_	_
80	of	of	ADP	IN	_	82	case	_	_
81	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	82	det	_	_
82	Dervise	Dervise	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	79	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
83	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	85	punct	_	_
84	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	85	nsubj	_	_
85	recalled	recall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
86	to	to	ADP	IN	_	88	case	_	_
87	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	88	nmod:poss	_	_
88	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	85	obl	_	_
89	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	90	det	_	_
90	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	88	appos	_	_
91	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	92	cc	_	_
92	goodness	goodness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	90	conj	_	_
93	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	95	nsubj	_	_
94	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	95	aux	_	_
95	loaded	load	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	90	acl:relcl	_	_
96	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	95	obj	_	_
97	with	with	ADP	IN	_	95	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
98	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	99	punct	_	_
99	reproached	reproach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	85	conj	_	_
100	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	99	obj	_	_
101	with	with	ADP	IN	_	103	case	_	_
102	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	103	nmod:poss	_	_
103	ingratitude	ingratitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	99	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
104	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	106	punct	_	_
105	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	106	cc	_	_
106	finished	finish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	85	conj	_	_
107	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	108	nmod:poss	_	_
108	meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	106	obj	_	_
109	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	110	mark	_	_
110	humbling	humble	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	106	advcl	_	_
111	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	110	obj	_	_
112	before	before	ADP	IN	_	113	case	_	_
113	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	110	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
114	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Abdallah | presence of mind |  |  |  | enough *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent presence=Patient |
| 2 | **seize** | to-infinitive | Abdallah *not said here* |  |  | the iron candlestick |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **have** | past | the Dervise | the iron candlestick |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **recommend** | participle | the iron candlestick *not said here* |  | Abdallah |  |  | strongly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient |
| 5 | **is** | past | Abdallah |  |  |  |  | though the situation; terrible *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **not** **abandon** | past · do-support | Abdallah | Abdallah |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **despair** | to-infinitive | Abdallah *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 8 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | Abdallah *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 9 | **get out** | should | manner | a place |  |  |  | what *obj*; Abdallah *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 10 | **become** | might | a place | Abdallah's grave |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 11 | **apprehend** | past | Abdallah |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 12 | **close** | past · perfect · passive |  | the vault |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 13 | **not** **follow** | past · perfect · passive |  | Abdallah |  |  |  | the order of the Dervise *obj* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP.attribute»: subject=Theme order=Attribute |
| 14 | **recall** | past | Abdallah |  |  | Abdallah's memory |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to memory=Destination |
| 15 | **load** | past · perfect | Abdallah | the care and goodness *not said here* | Dervise |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Destination |
| 16 | **reproach** | participle | Abdallah *not said here* | Abdallah |  |  |  | with Abdallah's ingratitude | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |
| 17 | **finish** | past | Abdallah *not said here* | Abdallah's meditation |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality meditation=Eventuality |
| 18 | **humble** | gerund | Abdallah *not said here* | Abdallah |  |  | before God |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus himself=Experiencer |
| 19 | **order** |  |  | the Dervise |  |  |  |  | nom order «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 20 | **meditate** |  | Abdallah |  |  |  |  |  | nom meditation «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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