---
title: The lion is an open enemy, and the dog a faithful friend; but man, b… — Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth · tree and pragmatics
description: The lion is an open enemy, and the dog a faithful friend; but man, base man, can poison the bowl, and smile when he presents it.” Who acts: lion, open enemy. A sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Story of Mencius., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, Story of Mencius., sentence 7

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The lion is an open enemy, and the dog a faithful friend; but man, base man, can poison the bowl, and smile when he presents it.”

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**Who acts:** lion, open enemy · **What happens:** be, poison, smile, present · **To what, where:** open enemy, bowl

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This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Story of Mencius.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lion, open enemy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62868:3:7
# text = The lion is an open enemy, and the dog a faithful friend; but man, base man, can poison the bowl, and smile when he presents it.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
21	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	poison	poison	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	smile	smile	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
28	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	30	mark	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	presents	present	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	advcl	_	_
31	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the lion | a open enemy and the dog |  |  |  | the dog *conj*; man and base man *appos* | tree rules |
| 2 | **poison** | can | a open enemy and the dog | the bowl |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bowl=Patient |
| 3 | **smile** | infinitive | a open enemy and the dog *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **present** | present | lion | bowl |  |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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