---
title: But he found me, not singing at my work, ruddy with health, and vivi… — Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth · tree and pragmatics
description: But he found me, not singing at my work, ruddy with health, and vivid with cheerfulness; but pale and dejected, sitting on the ground, and chewing opium, which contributed to substitute the phantoms of imagination for the realities of greatness. Who acts: Calif, opium, my. A sentence of «Oriental ta
---

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# Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Omar., sentence 4

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But he found me, not singing at my work, ruddy with health, and vivid with cheerfulness; but pale and dejected, sitting on the ground, and chewing opium, which contributed to substitute the phantoms of imagination for the realities of greatness.

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**Who acts:** Calif, opium, my · **What happens:** find, not sing, sit, chew, contribute, substitute · **To what, where:** me, work, ground, opium, phantoms

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This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Omar.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Calif, opium, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62868:8:4
# text = But he found me, not singing at my work, ruddy with health, and vivid with cheerfulness; but pale and dejected, sitting on the ground, and chewing opium, which contributed to substitute the phantoms of imagination for the realities of greatness.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	health	health	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	vivid	vivid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	cheerfulness	cheerfulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	dejected	dejected	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	advcl	_	_
27	on	on	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	chewing	chew	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	conj	_	_
33	opium	opium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	36	nsubj	_	_
36	contributed	contribute	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	acl:relcl	_	_
37	to	to	PART	TO	_	38	mark	_	_
38	substitute	substitute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	xcomp	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	phantoms	phantom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	imagination	imagination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
43	for	for	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	realities	reality	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nmod	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	greatness	greatness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | Calif | me |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | Calif *not said here* |  |  | my work |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at work=Location |
| 3 | **sit** | gerund | Calif *not said here* |  |  | the ground |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on ground=Location |
| 4 | **chew** | gerund | Calif *not said here* | opium |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opium=Patient |
| 5 | **contribute** | past | opium |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **substitute** | to-infinitive | opium *not said here* | the phantoms of imagination for the realities of greatness |  |  |  |  | vn substitute-13.6.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Theme phantom=Location |
| 7 | **work** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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