---
title: ‘The two others,’ he added, ‘are certainly not dead, and get their t… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘The two others,’ he added, ‘are certainly not dead, and get their three meals every day, but they are so sad that they cannot last much longer.’ Who acts: Hunter, others. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Donkey Cabbage, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Donkey Cabbage, part 1, sentence 107

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘The two others,’ he added, ‘are certainly not dead, and get their three meals every day, but they are so sad that they cannot last much longer.’

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**Who acts:** Hunter, others · **What happens:** add, be, get, not last · **To what, where:** two others, three meals · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Donkey Cabbage, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hunter, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:10:107
# text = ‘The two others,’ he added, ‘are certainly not dead, and get their three meals every day, but they are so sad that they cannot last much longer.’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	added	add	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	‘	‘	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	11	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
12	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	meals	meal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
21	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
22	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	so	so	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
30	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
31	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	33	advmod	_	_
33	last	last	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	advcl	_	_
34	much	much	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
35	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	33	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | past | Hunter | the two others |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **be** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **get** | infinitive | Hunter *not said here* | others's three meals |  |  | day |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer meal=Stimulus |
| 4 | **is** | present | others *= other* |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **last** | can | others *= other* |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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