---
title: By the time he was fifteen Saphir had learnt everything that a princ… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: By the time he was fifteen Saphir had learnt everything that a prince should know, and he was, besides, charming and agreeable. Who acts: care, Saphir, prince. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Donkey Cabbage, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/11/16/)

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Donkey Cabbage, part 2, sentence 16

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By the time he was fifteen Saphir had learnt everything that a prince should know, and he was, besides, charming and agreeable.

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**Who acts:** care, Saphir, prince · **What happens:** be, learn, know, charm · **To what, where:** fifteen, everything

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This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Donkey Cabbage, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (care, Saphir, prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:11:16
# text = By the time he was fifteen Saphir had learnt everything that a prince should know, and he was, besides, charming and agreeable.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	fifteen	fifteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	_
7	Saphir	Saphir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	learnt	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	9	obj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	besides	besides	INTJ	UH	_	23	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	charming	charm	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	parataxis	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	agreeable	agreeable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | care | fifteen |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **learn** | past · perfect | Saphir | everything |  |  | time |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everything=Topic |
| 3 | **know** | should | a prince |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
| 4 | **charm** | past · progressive | care |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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