---
title: At these words the unhappy Prince found himself tied to a rock; but… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: At these words the unhappy Prince found himself tied to a rock; but he was not alone in his misfortunes, for all round him were chained Princes and Princesses, whom the giant had led captive. Who acts: unhappy Prince, Prince. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Grateful Beasts(
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Grateful Beasts(11), part 4, sentence 27

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At these words the unhappy Prince found himself tied to a rock; but he was not alone in his misfortunes, for all round him were chained Princes and Princesses, whom the giant had led captive.

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**Who acts:** unhappy Prince, Prince · **What happens:** find, tie, not be, chain, lead · **To what, where:** Prince, words, misfortunes, giant

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This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Grateful Beasts(11), part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (unhappy Prince, Prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:17:27
# text = At these words the unhappy Prince found himself tied to a rock; but he was not alone in his misfortunes, for all round him were chained Princes and Princesses, whom the giant had led captive.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	obj	_	_
9	tied	tie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	xcomp	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	alone	alone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	misfortunes	misfortune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
24	all	all	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
25	round	round	ADP	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
26	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	chained	chain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	amod	_	_
29	Princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	Princesses	princess	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
33	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	37	obl	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj:pass	_	_
36	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	acl	_	_
38	captive	captive	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | the unhappy Prince | Prince |  | this words |  | for chained Princes and Princesses | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent himself=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 2 | **tie** | participle | Prince *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to a rock | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to rock=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **not** **is** | past | Prince |  |  | Prince's misfortunes |  | alone *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **chain** | past · passive |  | Prince |  |  |  | all *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 5 | **lead** | past · perfect · passive |  | the giant |  |  |  | chained Princes and Princesses *obl* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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