---
title: As to Giants, they have died out, but real Dwarfs are common in the… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: As to Giants, they have died out, but real Dwarfs are common in the forests of Africa. Who acts: Fairies, real Dwarfs. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Joan, Toddles, and Tiny, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, Joan, Toddles, and Tiny, sentence 34

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As to Giants, they have died out, but real Dwarfs are common in the forests of Africa.

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**Who acts:** Fairies, real Dwarfs · **What happens:** die out, be · **To what, where:** forests

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This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Joan, Toddles, and Tiny. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fairies, real Dwarfs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:2:34
# text = As to Giants, they have died out, but real Dwarfs are common in the forests of Africa.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	3	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	Giants	Giant	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Dwarfs	dwarf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die out** | present · perfect | Fairies *= fairy* |  |  |  |  | as Giants | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **is** | present | real Dwarfs |  |  | the forests of Africa |  | common *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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