---
title: They were translated by Miss Cheape, Miss Alma, and Miss Thyra Alley… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: They were translated by Miss Cheape, Miss Alma, and Miss Thyra Alleyne, Miss Sellar, Mr. Craigie (he did the Icelandic tales), Miss Blackley, Mrs. Dent, and Mrs. Lang, but the Red Indian stories are copied from English versions published by the Smithsonian Bureau of Ethnology, in America. Who acts: 
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, Joan, Toddles, and Tiny, sentence 39

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were translated by Miss Cheape, Miss Alma, and Miss Thyra Alleyne, Miss Sellar, Mr. Craigie (he did the Icelandic tales), Miss Blackley, Mrs. Dent, and Mrs. Lang, but the Red Indian stories are copied from English versions published by the Smithsonian Bureau of Ethnology, in America.

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**Who acts:** Miss, Mr. · **What happens:** translate, tale, copy, publish · **To what, where:** stories, Red Indian stories, English versions

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Joan, Toddles, and Tiny. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Miss, Mr.), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:2:39
# text = They were translated by Miss Cheape, Miss Alma, and Miss Thyra Alleyne, Miss Sellar, Mr. Craigie (he did the Icelandic tales), Miss Blackley, Mrs. Dent, and Mrs. Lang, but the Red Indian stories are copied from English versions published by the Smithsonian Bureau of Ethnology, in America.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	translated	translate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Miss	Miss	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl:agent	_	_
6	Cheape	Cheape	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	Miss	Miss	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Alma	Alma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
12	Miss	Miss	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
13	Thyra	Thyra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	Alleyne	Alleyne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	Miss	Miss	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
17	Sellar	Sellar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	Mr.	Mr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod:desc	_	_
20	Craigie	Craigie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
23	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	Icelandic	icelandic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	Miss	Miss	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
30	Blackley	Blackley	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	Mrs.	Mrs.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	Dent	Dent	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	Mrs.	Mrs.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl:agent	_	_
37	Lang	Lang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
39	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
41	Red	Red	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	flat	_	_
42	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nsubj:pass	_	_
44	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	45	aux:pass	_	_
45	copied	copy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
46	from	from	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	amod	_	_
48	versions	version	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	obl	_	_
49	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	48	acl	_	_
50	by	by	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
52	Smithsonian	Smithsonian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	53	compound	_	_
53	Bureau	Bureau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	obl:agent	_	_
54	of	of	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
55	Ethnology	ethnology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
57	in	in	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
58	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **translate** | past · passive | Miss and Miss Alma | stories *= story* |  |  |  |  | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **tale** | past · do-support | Mr. |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **copy** | present · passive |  | the Red Indian stories |  | English versions |  | in America | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in america=Destination |
| 4 | **publish** | participle |  | English versions *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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