--- title: He had hardly lost sight of his gaunt grey friend when he heard grow… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: He had hardly lost sight of his gaunt grey friend when he heard growls and snarls in the thicket close to him, and before he had time to think he found himself surrounded by the most dreadful-looking creatures. Who acts: Iwanich. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Witch and He --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/30/79/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Yellow Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/) / [The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/30/) / 79 # The Yellow Fairy Book, The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 1, sentence 79 He had hardly lost sight of his gaunt grey friend when he heard growls and snarls in the thicket close to him, and before he had time to think he found himself surrounded by the most dreadful-looking creatures. **Who acts:** Iwanich · **What happens:** lose, hear, have, think, find, surround · **To what, where:** sight, growls, thicket, Iwanich, gaunt grey friend · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iwanich), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg640:30:79 # text = He had hardly lost sight of his gaunt grey friend when he heard growls and snarls in the thicket close to him, and before he had time to think he found himself surrounded by the most dreadful-looking creatures. 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 2 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 hardly hardly ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 lost lose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 5 sight sight NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 7 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 8 gaunt gaunt ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 9 grey grey ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 11 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 13 advmod _ _ 12 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 14 growls growl NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 snarls snarl NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 thicket thicket NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 20 close close ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 21 to to ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 25 before before SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 26 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 28 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 29 to to PART TO _ 30 mark _ _ 30 think think VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 acl _ _ 31 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 ccomp _ _ 33 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 32 obj _ _ 34 surrounded surround VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 32 ccomp _ _ 35 by by ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 37 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 38 advmod _ _ 38 dreadful dreadful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 39 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 38 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 40 looking look VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 41 amod _ _ 41 creatures creature NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obl:agent _ SpaceAfter=No 42 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lose** | past · perfect | Iwanich | sight of Iwanich's gaunt grey friend | | | | hardly *property* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sight=Eventuality | | 2 | **hear** | past | Iwanich | growls and snarls | | the thicket | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer growl=Stimulus | | 3 | **have** | past | Iwanich | | | | time | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **think** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | Iwanich *not said here* | | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 5 | **find** | past | Iwanich | Iwanich | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent himself=Attribute clause=Theme | | 6 | **surround** | participle | | | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **look** | gerund | | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 8 | **sight** | | | Iwanich's gaunt grey friend | | | | | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 78](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/30/78/) - next →: [sentence 80](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/30/80/) - ↑ back to [The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/30/)