---
title: ‘These three trees, which I cannot see without sorrow, were planted… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘These three trees, which I cannot see without sorrow, were planted by me on this spot when I was a youth of twenty. Who acts: I, me. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 1, sentence 8

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‘These three trees, which I cannot see without sorrow, were planted by me on this spot when I was a youth of twenty.

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**Who acts:** I, me · **What happens:** not see, plant, be · **To what, where:** three trees, spot, youth

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This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, me), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:30:8
# text = ‘These three trees, which I cannot see without sorrow, were planted by me on this spot when I was a youth of twenty.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
3	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obj	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	_
11	without	without	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	planted	plant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	spot	spot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | can | I | this three trees |  |  |  | without sorrow | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus |
| 2 | **plant** | past · passive | me | this three trees |  | this spot |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme on spot=Destination |
| 3 | **is a** | past | I | a youth |  |  |  | of twenty | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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