---
title: Iwanich was so startled that he could hardly reply, but the little m… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Iwanich was so startled that he could hardly reply, but the little man continued: ‘I am most grateful to you for your kindness; what can I give you as a reward?’ Who acts: Iwanich, little man, I. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 1, with its d
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 1, sentence 91

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Iwanich was so startled that he could hardly reply, but the little man continued: ‘I am most grateful to you for your kindness; what can I give you as a reward?’

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Iwanich, little man, I · **What happens:** startle, reply, continue, be, give · **To what, where:** Iwanich, you

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iwanich, little man, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:30:91
# text = Iwanich was so startled that he could hardly reply, but the little man continued: ‘I am most grateful to you for your kindness; what can I give you as a reward?’
1	Iwanich	Iwanich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	startled	startle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	reply	reply	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	continued	continue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
17	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	21	advmod	_	_
21	grateful	grateful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	obl	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
28	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	31	obj	_	_
29	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
30	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
32	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	31	iobj	_	_
33	as	as	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	reward	reward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	31	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **startle** | past · passive |  | Iwanich |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **reply** *speech: assert* | could | Iwanich |  |  |  |  | hardly *property* | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **continue** | past | the little man |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present | I |  | you |  |  | for your kindness; grateful *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **give** | can | I |  | you |  |  | as a reward | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient what=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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