--- title: Already it was growing dark, when Iwanich perceived some figures in… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: Already it was growing dark, when Iwanich perceived some figures in the distance; they soon came up to them, and then the Prince saw that it was the magician and his friends who were driving through the air in a carriage drawn by owls. Who acts: ground, Iwanich, figures, Prince. A sentence of «The Y --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/32/48/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Yellow Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/) / [The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/32/) / 48 # The Yellow Fairy Book, The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 3, sentence 48 Already it was growing dark, when Iwanich perceived some figures in the distance; they soon came up to them, and then the Prince saw that it was the magician and his friends who were driving through the air in a carriage drawn by owls. **Who acts:** ground, Iwanich, figures, Prince, friends · **What happens:** grow, perceive, come up, see, be, drive · **To what, where:** figures, spurs, magician, air, carriage · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ground, Iwanich, figures, Prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg640:32:48 # text = Already it was growing dark, when Iwanich perceived some figures in the distance; they soon came up to them, and then the Prince saw that it was the magician and his friends who were driving through the air in a carriage drawn by owls. 1 Already already ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 growing grow VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 9 advcl _ _ 5 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 7 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 9 advmod _ _ 8 Iwanich Iwanich PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 perceived perceive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 11 det _ _ 11 figures figure NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 distance distance NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 15 ; ; PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 16 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 17 soon soon ADV RB Degree=Pos 18 advmod _ _ 18 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 19 up up ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 20 to to ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 24 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 27 advmod _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 Prince Prince PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 28 that that SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 30 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 cop _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 magician magician NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 ccomp _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 34 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 friends friend NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 conj _ _ 36 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 38 nsubj _ _ 37 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 driving drive VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 35 acl:relcl _ _ 39 through through ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 42 in in ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 carriage carriage NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 45 drawn draw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 44 acl _ _ 46 by by ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 owls owl NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 48 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grow** | past · progressive | ground | | | | | dark *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **perceive** | past | Iwanich | some figures | | | | in the distance | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer figure=Stimulus | | 3 | **come up** | past | figures *= figure* | | spurs *= spur* | | | soon *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to they=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **see** | past | the Prince | | | | then | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **is a** | past | ground | the magician and Iwanich's friends | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **drive** | past · progressive | Iwanich's friends | | | the air | | in a carriage | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent through air=Trajectory | | 7 | **draw** | participle | | a carriage *not said here* | | | | by owls | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 47](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/32/47/) - next →: [sentence 49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/32/49/) - ↑ back to [The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/32/)