---
title: A great new bridge had been built over it, on the middle of which Li… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: A great new bridge had been built over it, on the middle of which Little Klaus stopped, and said aloud so that the sexton might hear: Who acts: Little, sexton. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Big Klaus and Little Klaus, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Story of Big Klaus and Little Klaus, sentence 109

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A great new bridge had been built over it, on the middle of which Little Klaus stopped, and said aloud so that the sexton might hear:

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Little, sexton · **What happens:** build, stop, say, hear · **To what, where:** great new bridge, stream · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Big Klaus and Little Klaus. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Little, sexton), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:41:109
# text = A great new bridge had been built over it, on the middle of which Little Klaus stopped, and said aloud so that the sexton might hear:
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obl	_	_
16	Little	Little	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	18	nsubj	_	_
17	Klaus	Klaus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	flat	_	_
18	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
22	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
23	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	28	mark	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	fixed	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	sexton	sexton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
27	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past · perfect · passive |  | a great new bridge |  | stream |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **stop** | past | Little |  |  |  |  | of the middle | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Little *not said here* |  |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **hear** | might | the sexton |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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