---
title: They saw Little Klaus ploughing with the five horses; but he was so… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: They saw Little Klaus ploughing with the five horses; but he was so happy that he kept on cracking his whip, and calling out ‘Gee-up, my five horses!’ Who acts: bells, Little Klaus, Klaus. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Big Klaus and Little Klaus, with its depende
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Story of Big Klaus and Little Klaus, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They saw Little Klaus ploughing with the five horses; but he was so happy that he kept on cracking his whip, and calling out ‘Gee-up, my five horses!’

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bells, Little Klaus, Klaus · **What happens:** see, plough, be, keep, crack, call out · **To what, where:** Little Klaus, whip, Gee up

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Big Klaus and Little Klaus. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bells, Little Klaus, Klaus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:41:8
# text = They saw Little Klaus ploughing with the five horses; but he was so happy that he kept on cracking his whip, and calling out ‘Gee-up, my five horses!’
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Little	Little	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Klaus	Klaus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	ploughing	plough	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
19	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
20	cracking	crack	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	xcomp	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
26	out	out	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
27	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	Gee	gee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	up	up	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
33	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	34	nummod	_	_
34	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	34	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | bells *= bell* | Little Klaus |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **plough** | gerund | Little Klaus *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the five horses | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past | Klaus |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **keep** | past | Klaus |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **crack** | gerund | Klaus *not said here* | Klaus's whip |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location whip=Theme |
| 6 | **call out** *speech: assert* | gerund | bells *= bell* *not said here* | Gee up |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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