---
title: In his youth he had lost his mother, and in her place his father had… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: In his youth he had lost his mother, and in her place his father had married a witch, who had laid a spell on him that he should turn into a dog, and never be released from the spell unless a Prince of the same name as himself allowed him to sleep at his feet the first night after his marriage. Who 
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, Prince Ring (30), sentence 161

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In his youth he had lost his mother, and in her place his father had married a witch, who had laid a spell on him that he should turn into a dog, and never be released from the spell unless a Prince of the same name as himself allowed him to sleep at his feet the first night after his marriage.

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**Who acts:** Ring, witch · **What happens:** lose, marry, lay, turn, not release, allow · **To what, where:** mother, youth, father, place, spell, Prince

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This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Prince Ring (30). The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ring, witch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:42:161
# text = In his youth he had lost his mother, and in her place his father had married a witch, who had laid a spell on him that he should turn into a dog, and never be released from the spell unless a Prince of the same name as himself allowed him to sleep at his feet the first night after his marriage.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	married	marry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
22	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	acl:relcl	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	spell	spell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nmod	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
30	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	acl	_	_
32	into	into	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
37	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	39	advmod	_	_
38	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	aux:pass	_	_
39	released	release	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
40	from	from	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	spell	spell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	_
43	unless	unless	SCONJ	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
48	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	_
50	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	52	mark	_	_
51	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	52	nsubj	_	_
52	allowed	allow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	advcl	_	_
53	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	iobj	_	_
54	to	to	PART	TO	_	55	mark	_	_
55	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	52	xcomp	_	_
56	at	at	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	58	nmod:poss	_	_
58	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	obl	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
60	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	61	amod	_	_
61	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	obl:unmarked	_	_
62	after	after	ADP	IN	_	64	case	_	_
63	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	64	nmod:poss	_	_
64	marriage	marriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past · perfect | Ring | Ring's mother |  | Ring's youth |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mother=Eventuality |
| 2 | **marry** | past · perfect · passive |  | Ring's father |  | bridegroom's place |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **lay** | past · perfect | a witch | a spell |  |  |  | on Ring | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent spell=Theme on he=Destination |
| 4 | **turn** | should | Ring | a spell *not said here* |  |  |  | into a dog *result* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent spell=Theme into dog=Result |
| 5 | **not** **release** | infinitive · passive | Ring *not said here* |  |  | the spell |  | unless a Prince of the same name | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING» |
| 6 | **allow** | past | Ring |  | Prince |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer he=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 7 | **sleep** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Ring *not said here* |  |  | Ring's feet | after Ring's marriage; night |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **marry** |  | Ring |  |  |  |  |  | nom marriage «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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