---
title: He had a wretched little room close to the pigsties; here he had to… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He had a wretched little room close to the pigsties; here he had to stay, but the whole day he sat working, and when evening was come he had made a pretty little pot. Who acts: Prince. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Swineherd, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Swineherd, sentence 38

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had a wretched little room close to the pigsties; here he had to stay, but the whole day he sat working, and when evening was come he had made a pretty little pot.

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**Who acts:** Prince · **What happens:** have, stay, sit, work, be, make · **To what, where:** wretched little room, little pot

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Swineherd. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:43:38
# text = He had a wretched little room close to the pigsties; here he had to stay, but the whole day he sat working, and when evening was come he had made a pretty little pot.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	wretched	wretched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pigsties	pigsty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl:unmarked	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
24	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	30	advmod	_	_
28	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl:unmarked	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
30	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
31	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
32	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	30	parataxis	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
35	pretty	pretty	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	pot	pot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Prince | a wretched little room |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent room=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | past | Prince |  |  | here |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **stay** | to-infinitive | Prince *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **sit** | past | Prince |  |  |  | day |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **work** | gerund | Prince *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  | evening | come *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **make** | past · perfect | Prince | a little pot |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pot=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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