---
title: ‘One ought to encourage art,’ she said. — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘One ought to encourage art,’ she said. Who acts: One, instrument. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Swineherd, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/43/83/)

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Swineherd, sentence 83

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘One ought to encourage art,’ she said.

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**Who acts:** One, instrument · **What happens:** encourage, say · **To what, where:** art · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Swineherd. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One, instrument), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:43:83
# text = ‘One ought to encourage art,’ she said.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nsubj	_	_
3	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	encourage	encourage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
6	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | ought | One | art |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent art=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | instrument |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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