---
title: In every case there was some little defect, which showed the genuine… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: In every case there was some little defect, which showed the genuine article was not yet found. Who acts: little defect. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, How to Tell a True Princess, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, How to Tell a True Princess, sentence 4

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In every case there was some little defect, which showed the genuine article was not yet found.

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**Who acts:** little defect · **What happens:** be, show, not find · **To what, where:** little defect, case, genuine article · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, How to Tell a True Princess. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little defect), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:44:4
# text = In every case there was some little defect, which showed the genuine article was not yet found.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	defect	defect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	genuine	genuine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
17	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | some little defect |  | every case |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | past | some little defect |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **find** | past · passive |  | the genuine article |  |  | yet |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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