---
title: The poor Irishman was now left all alone, and did not know where the… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The poor Irishman was now left all alone, and did not know where the others had gone to, so he just stayed where he was, very sad and miserable. Who acts: others, Irishman. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Blue Mountains, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Blue Mountains, sentence 22

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The poor Irishman was now left all alone, and did not know where the others had gone to, so he just stayed where he was, very sad and miserable.

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**Who acts:** others, Irishman · **What happens:** leave, not know, go, stay, be · **To what, where:** poor Irishman · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Blue Mountains. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (others, Irishman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:45:22
# text = The poor Irishman was now left all alone, and did not know where the others had gone to, so he just stayed where he was, very sad and miserable.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Irishman	Irishman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
6	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	all	all	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
14	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	ccomp	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	just	just	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
25	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	30	advmod	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	very	very	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	advcl	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	miserable	miserable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · passive |  | the poor Irishman |  |  | now | alone *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **know** | past · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **go** | past · perfect | the others |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **stay** | past | Irishman |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | past | Irishman |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **be** |  | Irishman *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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