---
title: Thus the summer and autumn passed, but then came winter--the long, c… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus the summer and autumn passed, but then came winter--the long, cold winter. Who acts: summer, winter. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Witch in the Stone Boat(31), with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Witch in the Stone Boat(31), sentence 125

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Thus the summer and autumn passed, but then came winter--the long, cold winter.

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**Who acts:** summer, winter · **What happens:** pass, come

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This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Witch in the Stone Boat(31). The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (summer, winter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:47:125
# text = Thus the summer and autumn passed, but then came winter--the long, cold winter.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
10	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
14	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | the summer and autumn |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | winter and the long cold winter |  |  |  | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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