--- title: In autumn the swallows fly away to foreign lands; but there are some… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: In autumn the swallows fly away to foreign lands; but there are some who are late in starting, and then they get so cold that they drop down as if dead, and the snow comes and covers them over. Who acts: swallows, some, swallow, snow. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Witch i --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/47/173/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Yellow Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/) / [The Witch in the Stone Boat(31)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/47/) / 173 # The Yellow Fairy Book, The Witch in the Stone Boat(31), sentence 173 In autumn the swallows fly away to foreign lands; but there are some who are late in starting, and then they get so cold that they drop down as if dead, and the snow comes and covers them over. **Who acts:** swallows, some, swallow, snow · **What happens:** fly away, be, start, get, drop down, come · **To what, where:** swallow This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Witch in the Stone Boat(31). The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (swallows, some, swallow, snow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg640:47:173 # text = In autumn the swallows fly away to foreign lands; but there are some who are late in starting, and then they get so cold that they drop down as if dead, and the snow comes and covers them over. 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 autumn autumn NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 swallows swallow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 fly fly VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 away away ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 7 to to ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 foreign foreign ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 lands land NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 10 ; ; PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 11 but but CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 13 expl _ _ 13 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 14 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 17 nsubj _ _ 15 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 17 nsubj _ _ 16 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 17 late late ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 advcl _ _ 18 in in SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 19 starting start VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 17 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 24 advmod _ _ 23 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 get get VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 25 so so ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 xcomp _ _ 27 that that SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 28 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 drop drop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 advcl _ _ 30 down down ADP RP _ 29 compound:prt _ _ 31 as as ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 if if SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 33 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 snow snow NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ _ 38 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 40 covers cover VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 conj _ _ 41 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obj _ _ 42 over over ADP RP _ 40 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 43 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fly away** | present | the swallows | | | | autumn | to foreign lands *result*; away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to land=Result | | 2 | **is** | present | some | | | | | late *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **start** | gerund | some *not said here* | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 4 | **get** | present | swallow | | | | then | cold *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **drop down** | present | swallow | | | | | as dead | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as dead=Attribute | | 6 | **come** | present | the snow | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **cover over** | present | the snow *not said here* | swallow | | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 172](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/47/172/) - next →: [sentence 174](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/47/174/) - ↑ back to [The Witch in the Stone Boat(31)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/47/)