---
title: ‘Oh!’ she said, ‘it is very cold outside; it is snowing and freezing… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Oh!’ she said, ‘it is very cold outside; it is snowing and freezing! stay in your warm bed; I will take care of you!’ Who acts: snow, strength, it, I. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Witch in the Stone Boat(31), with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Witch in the Stone Boat(31), sentence 181

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Oh!’ she said, ‘it is very cold outside; it is snowing and freezing! stay in your warm bed; I will take care of you!’

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**Who acts:** snow, strength, it, I · **What happens:** say, be, snow, freeze, stay, take · **To what, where:** warm bed, care · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Witch in the Stone Boat(31). The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (snow, strength, it, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:47:181
# text = ‘Oh!’ she said, ‘it is very cold outside; it is snowing and freezing! stay in your warm bed; I will take care of you!’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	_
13	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	snowing	snow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	parataxis	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	freezing	freeze	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
21	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
24	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
30	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | snow |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present | strength |  |  |  |  | cold, outside *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **snow** | present · progressive | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |
| 4 | **freeze** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **stay** | infinitive |  |  |  | your warm bed |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in bed=Location |
| 6 | **take** | future | I | care |  |  |  | of you | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent care=Theme of you=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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