---
title: Then he gave the youth the following instructions how to overcome th… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Then he gave the youth the following instructions how to overcome the Dragon of the North: ‘You must have an iron horse cast, which must have little wheels under each foot. Who acts: magician, You. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Dragon of the North(2), with its dependency 
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Dragon of the North(2), sentence 138

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then he gave the youth the following instructions how to overcome the Dragon of the North: ‘You must have an iron horse cast, which must have little wheels under each foot.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** magician, You · **What happens:** give, follow, overcome, have · **To what, where:** youth, Dragon, horse cast, little wheels, foot

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Dragon of the North(2). The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (magician, You), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:5:138
# text = Then he gave the youth the following instructions how to overcome the Dragon of the North: ‘You must have an iron horse cast, which must have little wheels under each foot.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	instructions	instruction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
9	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	overcome	overcome	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Dragon	Dragon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	cast	cast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
28	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	conj	_	_
30	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
32	under	under	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	34	det	_	_
34	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | magician | the youth |  |  | then |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent youth=Recipient instruction=Theme |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **overcome** | to-infinitive | magician *not said here* | the Dragon of the North |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot dragon=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | must | You | a horse cast |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cast=Patient |
| 5 | **have** | must |  | little wheels |  | each foot |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheel=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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