--- title: When the youth turned round he saw the point of the spear sticking u… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: When the youth turned round he saw the point of the spear sticking up high above the Dragon’s upper jaw, and knew that the other end must be fastened firmly to the ground; but the Dragon had got his teeth fixed in the iron horse, which was now useless. Who acts: youth, wisdom, spear, Dragon. A sente --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/5/163/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Yellow Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/) / [The Dragon of the North(2)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/5/) / 163 # The Yellow Fairy Book, The Dragon of the North(2), sentence 163 When the youth turned round he saw the point of the spear sticking up high above the Dragon’s upper jaw, and knew that the other end must be fastened firmly to the ground; but the Dragon had got his teeth fixed in the iron horse, which was now useless. **Who acts:** youth, wisdom, spear, Dragon, teeth, iron horse · **What happens:** turn round, see, stick up, know, fasten, get · **To what, where:** point, upper jaw, other end, teeth, spear · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Dragon of the North(2). The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (youth, wisdom, spear, Dragon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg640:5:163 # text = When the youth turned round he saw the point of the spear sticking up high above the Dragon’s upper jaw, and knew that the other end must be fastened firmly to the ground; but the Dragon had got his teeth fixed in the iron horse, which was now useless. 1 When when SCONJ WRB _ 4 mark _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 youth youth NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 turned turn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 round round ADP IN _ 7 mark _ _ 6 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 7 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 ccomp _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 point point NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 spear spear NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 sticking stick VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 12 acl _ _ 14 up up ADP RP _ 13 compound:prt _ _ 15 high high ADV RB Degree=Pos 13 advmod _ _ 16 above above ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 Dragon Dragon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 19 ’s 's PART POS _ 18 case _ _ 20 upper upper ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 jaw jaw NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 25 that that SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj:pass _ _ 29 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 30 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 31 aux:pass _ _ 31 fastened fasten VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 ccomp _ _ 32 firmly firmly ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 33 to to ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 36 ; ; PUNCT : _ 41 punct _ _ 37 but but CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 Dragon Dragon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ _ 40 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 41 aux _ _ 41 got get VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 conj _ _ 42 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ _ 43 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 obj _ _ 44 fixed fix VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 41 xcomp _ _ 45 in in ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 47 iron iron NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 compound _ _ 48 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 49 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 50 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 53 nsubj _ _ 51 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 53 cop _ _ 52 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 53 advmod _ _ 53 useless useless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 54 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **turn round** | past | the youth | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **see** | past | wisdom | the point of the spear | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer point=Stimulus | | 3 | **stick up** | gerund | the spear *not said here* | | | the Dragon's upper jaw | | high *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme above jaw=Destination | | 4 | **know** | past | the youth *not said here* | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 5 | **fasten** | must · passive | | the other end | | | | to the ground; firmly *property* | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient to ground=Co-Patient | | 6 | **get** | past · perfect | the Dragon | wisdom's teeth | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **fix** | participle | wisdom's teeth *not said here* | | | | | in the iron horse | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 8 | **is** | past | the iron horse | | | | now | useless *property* | tree rules | | 9 | **point** | | | the spear | | | | | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 162](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/5/162/) - next →: [sentence 164](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/5/164/) - ↑ back to [The Dragon of the North(2)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/5/)