---
title: The young man ran after them until he was quite exhausted and out of… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The young man ran after them until he was quite exhausted and out of breath, and after three short rests the birds at length reached a small open space in the forest, on the edge of which they placed themselves on the top of a high tree. Who acts: young man, three, length, birds. A sentence of «The 
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Dragon of the North(2), sentence 47

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The young man ran after them until he was quite exhausted and out of breath, and after three short rests the birds at length reached a small open space in the forest, on the edge of which they placed themselves on the top of a high tree.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** young man, three, length, birds · **What happens:** run, exhaust, rest, reach, place · **To what, where:** beat, birds, small open space, forest, top

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Dragon of the North(2). The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young man, three, length, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:5:47
# text = The young man ran after them until he was quite exhausted and out of breath, and after three short rests the birds at length reached a small open space in the forest, on the edge of which they placed themselves on the top of a high tree.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
7	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
10	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	exhausted	exhaust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	after	after	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nsubj	_	_
20	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
21	rests	rest	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
24	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
25	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
28	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
29	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	on	on	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	41	obl	_	_
40	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
41	placed	place	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	acl:relcl	_	_
42	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	41	obj	_	_
43	on	on	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
47	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
48	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the young man |  |  |  | after birds *= bird* |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **exhaust** | past · passive |  | beat |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **rest** | present | three | the birds |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bird=Theme |
| 4 | **reach** | past | length | a small open space and the edge |  | the forest |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent space=Theme |
| 5 | **place** | past | birds *= bird* | birds *= bird* |  | the top of a high tree |  | of the edge | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme on top=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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