---
title: There the Tin-soldier lay, and felt a heat that was truly terrible;… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: There the Tin-soldier lay, and felt a heat that was truly terrible; but whether he was suffering from actual fire, or from the ardour of his passion, he did not know. Who acts: soldier lay, heat, lay. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Steadfast Tin-soldier, with its dependenc
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Steadfast Tin-soldier, sentence 75

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There the Tin-soldier lay, and felt a heat that was truly terrible; but whether he was suffering from actual fire, or from the ardour of his passion, he did not know.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** soldier lay, heat, lay · **What happens:** feel, be, suffer, not know · **To what, where:** heat, actual fire

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Steadfast Tin-soldier. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soldier lay, heat, lay), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:50:75
# text = There the Tin-soldier lay, and felt a heat that was truly terrible; but whether he was suffering from actual fire, or from the ardour of his passion, he did not know.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	9	expl	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	Tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	lay	lay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	suffering	suffer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	actual	actual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	from	from	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	ardour	ardour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	parataxis	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	passion	passion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
34	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
35	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
36	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	37	advmod	_	_
37	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | the soldier lay | a heat |  | there |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | a heat |  |  |  |  | terrible, truly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **suffer** | past · progressive | lay |  |  | actual fire |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **not** **know** | past · do-support | lay |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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