---
title: Their old father gave each of them a fine horse; the one who knew th… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Their old father gave each of them a fine horse; the one who knew the dictionary and the daily paper by heart had a black horse, while the other who was so clever at corporation law had a milk-white one. Who acts: old father, one, other. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Stea
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Steadfast Tin-soldier, sentence 90

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their old father gave each of them a fine horse; the one who knew the dictionary and the daily paper by heart had a black horse, while the other who was so clever at corporation law had a milk-white one.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** old father, one, other · **What happens:** give, know, have, be · **To what, where:** each, dictionary, black horse, corporation law, white one

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Steadfast Tin-soldier. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old father, one, other), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:50:90
# text = Their old father gave each of them a fine horse; the one who knew the dictionary and the daily paper by heart had a black horse, while the other who was so clever at corporation law had a milk-white one.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	daily	daily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
24	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
29	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	nsubj	_	_
32	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	35	nsubj	_	_
33	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	cop	_	_
34	so	so	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
35	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	conj	_	_
36	at	at	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	corporation	corporation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	_
38	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
39	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	conj	_	_
40	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
41	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | braces's old father | each |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent each=Recipient horse=Theme |
| 2 | **know** | past | the one | the dictionary and the daily paper |  |  |  | by heart | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer dictionary=Stimulus |
| 3 | **have** | past | the one | a black horse |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | past | the other |  |  | corporation law |  | clever *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **have** | past | the other *not said here* | a white one |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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