---
title: All kinds of things swam over her--shavings, bits of straw, and scra… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: All kinds of things swam over her--shavings, bits of straw, and scraps of old newspapers. Who acts: kinds, needle. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, A Story About a Darning-needle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, A Story About a Darning-needle, sentence 31

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All kinds of things swam over her--shavings, bits of straw, and scraps of old newspapers.

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**Who acts:** kinds, needle · **What happens:** swim, shave · **To what, where:** scraps, shavings

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This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, A Story About a Darning-needle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kinds, needle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:51:31
# text = All kinds of things swam over her--shavings, bits of straw, and scraps of old newspapers.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	swam	swim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	shavings	shaving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	bits	bit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	straw	straw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	scraps	scrap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	newspapers	newspaper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | past | all kinds of things | scraps of old newspapers |  | needle's shavings |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over shaving=Trajectory |
| 2 | **shave** |  | needle |  |  |  |  |  | nom shaving «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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