---
title: The upper leather was unstitched and had to be sewn together. — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The upper leather was unstitched and had to be sewn together. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, A Story About a Darning-needle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/51/8/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Yellow Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/) / [A Story About a Darning-needle](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/51/) / 8

# The Yellow Fairy Book, A Story About a Darning-needle, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The upper leather was unstitched and had to be sewn together.

<!-- .vintro -->
**What happens:** unstitch, have, sew · **To what, where:** upper leather

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, A Story About a Darning-needle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:51:8
# text = The upper leather was unstitched and had to be sewn together.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	upper	upper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	unstitched	unstitch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	sewn	sew	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	xcomp	_	_
11	together	together	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **unstitch** | past · passive |  | the upper leather |  |  |  |  | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sew** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/51/7/)
- next →: [sentence 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/51/9/)
- ↑ back to [A Story About a Darning-needle](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/51/)