---
title: She lifted up a large stone which lay over the cellar, saying, ‘Hide… — The Yellow Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: She lifted up a large stone which lay over the cellar, saying, ‘Hide yourself there; you can hear all that is spoken in this room. Who acts: woman, large stone, you. A sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Dragon and His Grandmother, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# The Yellow Fairy Book, The Dragon and His Grandmother, sentence 41

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She lifted up a large stone which lay over the cellar, saying, ‘Hide yourself there; you can hear all that is spoken in this room.

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**Who acts:** woman, large stone, you · **What happens:** lift up, lie, say, hide, hear, speak · **To what, where:** large stone, cellar, yourself, that, room · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Dragon and His Grandmother. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, large stone, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg640:9:41
# text = She lifted up a large stone which lay over the cellar, saying, ‘Hide yourself there; you can hear all that is spoken in this room.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cellar	cellar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	ccomp	_	_
17	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	16	obj	_	_
18	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
23	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	26	det:predet	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	xcomp	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	29	det	_	_
29	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift up** | past | woman | a large stone |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme |
| 2 | **lie** | past | a large stone |  |  | the cellar |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over cellar=Location |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | woman *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **hide** | infinitive |  | yourself |  | there |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Patient |
| 5 | **hear** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 6 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | that |  | this room |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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