---
title: The youth next began to clean out the stall, and the horse knew it h… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The youth next began to clean out the stall, and the horse knew it had found a master; and by mid-day there was still fodder in the manger, and the place was as clean as a new pin. Who acts: youth, horse, place. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Grateful Prince, part 2, with 
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Grateful Prince, part 2, sentence 21

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The youth next began to clean out the stall, and the horse knew it had found a master; and by mid-day there was still fodder in the manger, and the place was as clean as a new pin.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** youth, horse, place · **What happens:** begin, clean out, know, find, be · **To what, where:** stall, youth, fodder, manger · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Grateful Prince, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (youth, horse, place), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:10:21
# text = The youth next began to clean out the stall, and the horse knew it had found a master; and by mid-day there was still fodder in the manger, and the place was as clean as a new pin.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	next	next	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	clean	clean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stall	stall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	ccomp	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	mid-day	mid-day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
24	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	25	expl	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	still	still	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	fodder	fodder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	manger	manger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
35	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
36	as	as	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
38	as	as	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	pin	pin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the youth |  |  |  |  | next *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **clean out** | to-infinitive | the youth *not said here* | the stall |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent stall=Patient |
| 3 | **know** | past | the horse |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **find** | past · perfect · passive |  | youth |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme master=Attribute |
| 5 | **is a** | past |  | fodder |  | the manger | still |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **is** | past | the place |  |  |  |  | as a new pin; clean *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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