---
title: For at midnight he heard a rushing noise, and through the air flew a… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: For at midnight he heard a rushing noise, and through the air flew a dragon, who drove apart a ram, a sheep, and a lamb, and three fine cattle that were lying down close by. Who acts: Stan, air, dragon, three fine cattle. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Stan Bolovan, with its d
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, Stan Bolovan, sentence 47

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For at midnight he heard a rushing noise, and through the air flew a dragon, who drove apart a ram, a sheep, and a lamb, and three fine cattle that were lying down close by.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Stan, air, dragon, three fine cattle · **What happens:** hear, rush, fly, drive, lie down · **To what, where:** rushing noise, dragon, ram

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Stan Bolovan. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stan, air, dragon, three fine cattle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:13:47
# text = For at midnight he heard a rushing noise, and through the air flew a dragon, who drove apart a ram, a sheep, and a lamb, and three fine cattle that were lying down close by.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	rushing	rush	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	through	through	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
20	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	ram	ram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	lamb	lamb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	34	nummod	_	_
33	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
35	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	37	nsubj	_	_
36	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	34	acl:relcl	_	_
38	down	down	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
39	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	37	advmod	_	_
40	by	by	ADP	IN	_	39	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Stan | a rushing noise |  |  | midnight | three fine cattle *obl* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer noise=Stimulus |
| 2 | **rush** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fly** | past | the air | a dragon |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location dragon=Theme |
| 4 | **drive** | past | a dragon | a ram |  |  |  | apart *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ram=Theme |
| 5 | **lie down** | past · progressive | three fine cattle |  |  |  |  | close, down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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