---
title: ‘Stop!’ he suddenly cried, as the air was filled with a rushing nois… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Stop!’ he suddenly cried, as the air was filled with a rushing noise, and the dragon came dashing past. Who acts: Stan, dragon. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Stan Bolovan, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, Stan Bolovan, sentence 59

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‘Stop!’ he suddenly cried, as the air was filled with a rushing noise, and the dragon came dashing past.

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**Who acts:** Stan, dragon · **What happens:** stop, cry, fill, rush, come, dash · **To what, where:** air

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Stan Bolovan. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stan, dragon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:13:59
# text = ‘Stop!’ he suddenly cried, as the air was filled with a rushing noise, and the dragon came dashing past.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	rushing	rush	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	amod	_	_
17	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
23	dashing	dash	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
24	past	past	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Stan |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fill** | past · passive |  | the air |  |  |  | with a rushing noise | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with noise=Instrument |
| 4 | **rush** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **come** | past | the dragon |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **dash** | gerund | the dragon *not said here* |  |  |  |  | past *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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