---
title: ‘Stay here,’ said he, ‘and wait for me; I am going to explain things… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Stay here,’ said he, ‘and wait for me; I am going to explain things to my mother.’ Who acts: fire, I. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Stan Bolovan, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, Stan Bolovan, sentence 83

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‘Stay here,’ said he, ‘and wait for me; I am going to explain things to my mother.’

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**Who acts:** fire, I · **What happens:** stay, say, wait, go, explain · **To what, where:** things, mother · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Stan Bolovan. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fire, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:13:83
# text = ‘Stay here,’ said he, ‘and wait for me; I am going to explain things to my mother.’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
3	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	‘	‘	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	ccomp	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	explain	explain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | infinitive |  |  |  | here |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | fire |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **wait** | infinitive | fire *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for me | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **go** | present · progressive | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **explain** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | things | my mother |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent thing=Topic to mother=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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