---
title: I have been resting in the shade in a place where there is sweet gra… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: I have been resting in the shade in a place where there is sweet grass when I am hungry, and fresh water when I am thirsty, and a soft breeze to fan me in the heat. Who acts: I, sweet grass. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of a Gazelle, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Story of a Gazelle, sentence 35

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have been resting in the shade in a place where there is sweet grass when I am hungry, and fresh water when I am thirsty, and a soft breeze to fan me in the heat.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, sweet grass · **What happens:** rest, be, fan · **To what, where:** shade, me, heat

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of a Gazelle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, sweet grass), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:15:35
# text = I have been resting in the shade in a place where there is sweet grass when I am hungry, and fresh water when I am thirsty, and a soft breeze to fan me in the heat.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux	_	_
4	resting	rest	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	shade	shade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
12	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	13	expl	_	_
13	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
16	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	19	mark	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	27	mark	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
27	thirsty	thirsty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	breeze	breeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	fan	fan	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	acl	_	_
35	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rest** | present · perfect · progressive | I |  |  | the shade |  | in a place | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in shade=Location |
| 2 | **be** | present | sweet grass |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | fresh water *obl*; hungry *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | thirsty *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **fan** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | me |  | the heat |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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