---
title: Fifty years have passed since I was young, and who knows where the b… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Fifty years have passed since I was young, and who knows where the bones of my horse may be rotting, or whether a scrap of his reins still lie in his stall? Who acts: I, bones, scrap. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Fairy of the Dawn, part 1, with its dependency tree and th
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/19/81/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Violet Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/) / [The Fairy of the Dawn, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/19/) / 81

# The Violet Fairy Book, The Fairy of the Dawn, part 1, sentence 81

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fifty years have passed since I was young, and who knows where the bones of my horse may be rotting, or whether a scrap of his reins still lie in his stall?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, bones, scrap · **What happens:** pass, be, know, rot, lie · **To what, where:** Fifty years, stall · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Fairy of the Dawn, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, bones, scrap), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:19:81
# text = Fifty years have passed since I was young, and who knows where the bones of my horse may be rotting, or whether a scrap of his reins still lie in his stall?
1	Fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
13	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	21	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	aux	_	_
21	rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
24	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	scrap	scrap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	reins	rein	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
30	still	still	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	stall	stall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present · perfect · passive |  | Fifty years |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is** | past | I |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **rot** | may · progressive | the bones of my horse |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **lie** | present | a scrap of scrap's reins |  |  | scrap's stall | still |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in stall=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 80](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/19/80/)
- next →: [sentence 82](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/19/82/)
- ↑ back to [The Fairy of the Dawn, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/19/)