---
title: And so it happened that one day she was flying over a dense forest,… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: And so it happened that one day she was flying over a dense forest, and below hounds were barking fiercely, because, not having wings themselves, she was out of their reach. Who acts: it, Elsa. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, A Tale of the Tontlawald, with its dependency tree a
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, A Tale of the Tontlawald, sentence 174

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And so it happened that one day she was flying over a dense forest, and below hounds were barking fiercely, because, not having wings themselves, she was out of their reach.

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**Who acts:** it, Elsa · **What happens:** happen, fly, bark, not have, be · **To what, where:** dense forest, wings, reach

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, A Tale of the Tontlawald. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, Elsa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:2:174
# text = And so it happened that one day she was flying over a dense forest, and below hounds were barking fiercely, because, not having wings themselves, she was out of their reach.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
11	over	over	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	dense	dense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	below	below	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	hounds	hound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	barking	bark	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
21	fiercely	fiercely	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
26	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	_
27	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
28	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	27	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
30	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
31	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	cop	_	_
32	out	out	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	reach	reach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | past | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fly** | past · progressive | Elsa |  |  | a dense forest | day |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent over forest=Location |
| 3 | **bark** | past · progressive |  |  |  |  |  | below hounds; fiercely *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **have** | gerund |  | wings  wings |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | past | Elsa |  |  | wings's reach |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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