---
title: But Petru was no coward; the fight he had gone through had strengthe… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: But Petru was no coward; the fight he had gone through had strengthened his powers of endurance, and he stood the test bravely. Who acts: Petru, fight. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Fairy of the Dawn, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Fairy of the Dawn, part 2, sentence 104

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But Petru was no coward; the fight he had gone through had strengthened his powers of endurance, and he stood the test bravely.

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**Who acts:** Petru, fight · **What happens:** be, go through, strengthen, stand · **To what, where:** coward, test

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Fairy of the Dawn, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Petru, fight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:20:104
# text = But Petru was no coward; the fight he had gone through had strengthened his powers of endurance, and he stood the test bravely.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
2	Petru	Petru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	coward	coward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	parataxis	_	_
12	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	obl	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	strengthened	strengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	endurance	endurance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	bravely	bravely	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Petru | no coward |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go through** | past · perfect | the fight |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **strengthen** | past · perfect · passive |  | no coward |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **stand** | past | Petru | the test |  |  |  | bravely *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer test=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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