---
title: Along the road on each side were great fires, with men standing by t… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Along the road on each side were great fires, with men standing by them, who spoke pleasantly to Petru as he went by, and invited him to join them. Who acts: men, great fires, Petru. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Fairy of the Dawn, part 2, with its dependency tree and the
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Fairy of the Dawn, part 2, sentence 105

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Along the road on each side were great fires, with men standing by them, who spoke pleasantly to Petru as he went by, and invited him to join them.

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**Who acts:** men, great fires, Petru · **What happens:** be, stand, speak, go by, invite, join · **To what, where:** great fires, Petru, fires · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Fairy of the Dawn, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, great fires, Petru), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:20:105
# text = Along the road on each side were great fires, with men standing by them, who spoke pleasantly to Petru as he went by, and invited him to join them.
1	Along	along	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	fires	fire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
13	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	pleasantly	pleasantly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Petru	Petru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	invited	invite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	join	join	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	xcomp	_	_
32	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | great fires and men |  |  |  | along the road on each side | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | gerund | men *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by fires *= fire* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by they=Location |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | great fires and men |  | Petru |  |  | pleasantly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to petru=Co-Agent |
| 4 | **go by** | past | Petru |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **invite** | past | great fires and men *not said here* | Petru |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 6 | **join** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Petru *not said here* | fires *= fire* |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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